Quentin Tarantino - cinematographic references to other films
Two step test:
Similarity test
Original test - copying of protectable elements. - Historical facts, common ideas, scenes or characters can be borrowed without infringement.
U.S. - Copyright infringement through circumstantial evidence
The courts find that "barely-developed characters or situations do not meet the originality test and therefore will not be protected by copyright"
Parodies
Story of Warner Bros. battle with Marx Bros. over A Night In Casablanca.
Voorhoof defines parody as “a ridiculing dialogue with an existing, mostly a famous work or a well-known trademark […] a creation of a new work that makes ridiculous, or creates at least an antagonistic, critical, humoristic tension with the style, content or form of the original work”. (30) - Dirk Voorhoof, Freedom of expression, parody, copyright and trademarks, presentation held at the ALAI 2001 Congress, Adjuncts and Alternatives to Copyright, 16 June 2001, New York. Available at: http://www.alai-usa.org/2001_conference/pres_voorhoof.doc
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Plagiarism